#oneaday Day 597: The MiSTer as reference library

One of my favourite purchases in recent memory is the MiSTer Multisystem 2 from Heber, which is an all-in-one console designed around the open-source MiSTer framework. If you're unfamiliar, this is a specification for hardware-based emulation of classic computers and games consoles, using a technology called FPGA. The advantage of FPGA is that it produces much more accurate results than typical software emulation, and thus it is a good substitute for original hardware, particularly if you're going to go the whole hog and use analogue CRT displays.

I think the most valuable thing about the way I've set mine up is that it is now effectively an interactive reference library of video games from the Atari 2600 right up until the PS1, N64 and Saturn. I invested in a large amount of external storage early on precisely so I could load it up with absolutely everything I might ever want (and quite a lot of things I will probably never want) and thus never have to worry about tracking down ROMs and disc/disk images ever again. (Until I discover a New Favourite Console, of course. Which has been known to happen.)

This is a useful resource both for my own curiosity and for my day job. We're working on something thoroughly interesting in the latter regard right now — no, you won't get any hints here — and an important part of that is ensuring that the project is accurate to the original version. Having the MiSTer Multisystem 2 up and running right next to me in my study means that, at a moment's notice, I can flip it on, check something and capture video for my colleagues to compare to. This is a good thing.

Having a storage device full to bursting with ROMs and disc/disk images, of course, runs the risk of the dreaded "analysis paralysis". But at the same time, if someone says something like "oh, I used to really like Enduro Racer on the Master System", I can pull that up and check it out immediately, knowing that the experience I'm having is authentic to the original hardware, and all without having to swap around cables, power adapters and controllers.

I have a lot of original hardware, which I like owning. But pretty much all of it is now primarily on display on the shelves rather than being used directly — because with very few exceptions, the MiSTer Multisystem 2 works just as well as the "real thing", with little in the way of compromise. And some improvements in some cases; it's absolutely no contest between a modern 8bitdo controller and the dreadful original Sega Master System joypad.

The one thing that is a compromise is the tactile nature of using original computers. Different computers had their own different case designs and keyboards, and thus a distinctive feel to using them. I have the 8bitdo mechanical C64-style keyboard as a suitably "retro" input device for computers, and it's great — but it does mean I miss out on little things like the distinctive shape of the Atari ST's function keys or the unique keys on certain systems' keyboards. (And documentation on exactly what these unique keys are mapped to on a modern keyboard is remarkably lacking, it has to be said!)

You also, of course, miss the fun tactile aspect of working with physical media. There's still something undeniably lovely about putting a cartridge in a slot or loading up a disk and listening to the whirr-snark of a floppy drive, and it will be a sad day when no-one remembers doing that. But with original hardware — particularly floppy disks — becoming more unreliable and prices for second-hand copies of retro games going through the absolute roof, at this point attempting to collect games for old computers and consoles feels like a complete waste of money.

Meanwhile, I have not regretted a single pound I have spent on my MiSTer setup. And, with any luck, given the lack of moving mechanical parts in it, it will last for a good long while, too.

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#oneaday Day 445: An evening with MiSTer

The many, many gigabytes of Stuff I'd been copying to my MiSTer Multisystem 2 finally finished during the workday today, so as soon as I was off the clock it was time to dive in and try some things!

I had a couple of unfortunate hiccups along the way, most notably with Starwing, which kept freezing up and crashing, seemingly at random. I tried several different ROM files and that didn't seem to fix it; other SNES games seemed to work fine, but other Super FX games (such as Yoshi's Island) also displayed the same lockup problems with the same or even greater frequency. A bit of digging around the Internet revealed that the SNES core is seemingly having a few woes with Super FX games right now, so I guess I'll just have to wait until that's sorted to get my Starwing on. Unfortunate, but it's not as if there's nothing else on there to play!

My second hiccup was with the Atari ST. I set it up to use Pera Putnik's excellent hard drive image of games that had been converted to run from hard drive and under pretty much any revision of the operating system (under normal circumstances, quite a few ST games can be very picky about this) and… starting any game up resulted in the dreaded "bombs" — the ST's error screen. Then I remembered that it's recommended you run the games from this hard drive image with more than a megabyte of RAM due to the extra features that have been bolted onto them, such as save states. On my real STE I was running them with 4MB and it worked great, so I bumped the MiSTer's virtual ST RAM up to 4MB and suddenly everything was working perfectly. Wonderful.

I had a bit of a tinker with the 60Hz games, too. The 60Hz squish that is my TV's trademark is a tad variable depending on what system you're using — presumably it relates to the specific resolution a console is outputting, which would account for why ColecoVision is super squished, while SNES, PS1, PC Engine and suchlike just have black borders no bigger than your typical unoptimised PAL conversion from back in the day — but the performance is absolutely lovely. I tried the NEOGEO core, and it's beautiful.

For me, I think the biggest thing that CRTs provide over and above modern displays is the sheer smoothness of movement, particularly with something like scrolling. I'd long suspected that this was the case, and while I was setting up the MiSTer I put it to the test, running a game through both the analogue and HDMI outputs simultaneously. On the CRT, the scrolling was silky smooth. On the HDMI monitor, it was pretty smooth, but nowhere near as slick. Granted, the HDMI monitor I'm using is not exactly one optimised for gaming (it's an office castoff from a friend) but the difference was… marked.

So what have I actually played this evening? A few things! I didn't want to be jumping around too much, so I tried to pick a few things that I could settle in with for a while. I was hoping to spend the whole evening revisiting Starwing, since I haven't played that properly for many years, but, well, see above for what happened there.

After a bit of fiddling around trying (and failing) to get that to work, I booted up a game I'd only ever played a demo of previously: Kula World (aka Roll Away to Americans) on PlayStation. This is a puzzle game in which you control a beach ball on some suspended platforms, and your aim is to gather the keys to open the exit, perhaps score some bonus points along the way, then get to the exit. The twist is that as well as rolling along the platforms and jumping, you can also roll around the "end" of platforms to move onto different faces, thereby opening up different angles of exploration. The game starts simple but becomes a bit of a brain-bender before long, particularly as you're against the clock on each stage!

Then I thought I'd have a poke around in the AmigaVision collection, which is a huge pile of Amiga games with a nice front-end launcher. I plumped for HeroQuest II: Legacy of Sorasil, a game I've always been curious about — and a tad bitter that it never came to ST, as I really enjoyed the original HeroQuest on ST. I reckon the ST could definitely handle HeroQuest II — though I suspect the fact it was a 1994 release was the main reason we never saw an ST version, rather than fears the platform wouldn't be able to handle it. By 1994, I'm pretty sure we'd converted to being an MS-DOS and Windows 3.1 household, though the STs still got some use by my Dad for MIDI purposes. The Amiga, meanwhile, was still clinging on for dear life at this point, bless it.

I'm really impressed with the home computer experience on MiSTer so far — though given the project's origin primarily as a means of emulating Amiga and ST in FPGA hardware, this probably shouldn't surprise me. The Atari 8-bit core is very pleasing indeed, happily runs both disk images and Atari executable .xex files, and makes the correct noises while loading. I haven't tinkered with the C64 and Spectrum cores as yet, but I suspect those will be just as enjoyable to play around with.

I made the right choice hooking up a keyboard and mouse to the MiSTer from the get-go. Having it ready to go as both a classic computer and a games console really showcases the flexibility of the device — and the many generously provided USB ports on the Multisystem 2 mean there's no real swapping things around needed. I'm definitely looking forward to getting back into some proper classic computing with the system — I might see if I can make more sense of the programming tutorials in magazines than I could as a kid, and actually see if I can learn something along the way. We'll see.

For now, I'm very happy indeed. It was a lengthy process to get everything setup — and it doesn't have to be quite as lengthy as what I did, but I wanted a fairly "future-proof" setup — but now I can just flip a switch and be in retro heaven without having to swap cables around or remember where I put fifteen different power adapters. Plug and play! It'll never catch on.

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#oneaday Day 444: The 60Hz Squish

The MiSTer is nearly completely set up! It's just copying over a shitload of PlayStation and Saturn games, and then it will be ready to go. I got a replacement SCART cable today, and I'm delighted to report I can now get an absolutely lovely picture on my beloved old CRT, which means the MiSTer can be used to enjoy a retro gaming experience as "authentic" as it's possible to get without using real hardware.

I've elected to load the system up with primarily PAL-format ROMs. I know some folks will get sniffy about this, but I have three reasons for doing so.

Firstly, I live in the UK. PAL gaming is what I grew up with, and part of getting the MiSTer set up and working is about recreating that classic experience of using computers and consoles on this Sony Trinitron TV — which is the same one we used to run the Atari ST through back at my parents' house, and which is the same one I took with me to university and played PlayStation games on, right up until I bought an absolute monster of a CRT from a local second-hand shop in my second year at university. That TV, sadly, died after probably one too many house moves (it moved to three different houses in Southampton, then another in Winchester before finally giving up) but the CRT I'm using now is still going almost as strong as it ever was.

Secondly, this TV has a peculiar idiosyncrasy where it is capable of displaying a 60Hz signal, but rather than switching "modes" to do so, it instead just takes the reduced number of lines from a 60Hz/NTSC signal (480 vs 576 for PAL) and plonks them in the middle of the screen as-is. This means that, in stark contrast to slightly later TVs with marginally better 60Hz compatibility, where switching to 60Hz ensures you get a screen-filling picture and slightly better frame rate with more prominent scanlines, running 60Hz systems and games on my particular TV results in varying degrees of picture squish, ranging from "a bit" to "I never knew the ColecoVision had a 16:9 mode". As such, since I'll be primarily using the MiSTer on this CRT, the optimal experience for me is actually to use 50Hz versions of games.

Thirdly, I feel like to a certain extent, PAL gaming history gets a bit forgotten about. It was quite a challenge to track down EU/PAL-specific ROMsets for each console that I want to run on the MiSTer, but I took the time to do so, and I think it will have been a worthwhile use of my time to do so. A lot of complete ROMsets archived online these days are US-centric, and, sure, the 60Hz NTSC versions of games may, in most cases, be the "best" way to experience these games, but that doesn't mean the PAL experience should be erased from history. In fact, there are several cases where PAL versions of games were substantially different from their North American counterparts, with a great example being the Gex games on PlayStation; the voice of the titular character was completely different between the US and Europe, giving each version a very different feel. Several Gran Turismo titles, too, also had markedly different soundtracks between regions.

So yeah. Outside of a few NTSC-specific things I'm loading on where there was no PAL equivalent (we missed out on a lot of RPGs until the PS2-3 era!) this MiSTer is primarily going to be a celebration of the PAL experience. And I'm really looking forward to this danged copy job being over and done with so I can actually sit down and play with the thing!

Still, this is what I signed up for. I knew it was going to take a while to get everything up and running. It's going to be well worth it when it's done.

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